Acquired Brain Injury

Acquired brain injury (ABI) refers to damage to the brain that occurs after birth. It can result from trauma, illness, or other conditions and may affect physical, cognitive, emotional, and behavioral functions.

Causes

• Traumatic brain injury (e.g., from accidents or falls)
• Stroke
• Infections (e.g., meningitis or encephalitis)
• Lack of oxygen (e.g., drowning or cardiac arrest)
• Tumors
• Substance abuse or poisoning

Symptoms

• Cognitive difficulties (e.g., memory loss, difficulty concentrating)
• Physical impairments (e.g., weakness, paralysis, or coordination issues)
• Emotional and behavioral changes (e.g., mood swings, depression, or aggression)
• Sensory changes (e.g., vision or hearing loss)

Diagnosis

To diagnose ABI, your doctor may:

• Take a detailed medical history and perform a physical exam.
• Order imaging tests like MRI or CT scans to assess brain damage.
• Conduct neurological and cognitive assessments.

Treatment

Immediate Care

• Stabilization to prevent further injury.
• Surgery, if necessary, to relieve pressure or repair damage.

Rehabilitation

• Physical therapy to improve mobility and strength.
• Occupational therapy to regain daily living skills.
• Speech therapy for communication difficulties.
• Psychological support for emotional well-being.

Support Services

• Community support groups
• Assistive devices (e.g., wheelchairs, communication aids)
• Home modifications for accessibility

When to Seek Help

Consult a healthcare provider if you or someone you know experiences:

• Head trauma or loss of consciousness
• Sudden changes in behavior or cognitive function
• Persistent headaches, dizziness, or confusion

Where to Get Help

• Your GP (doctor)
• Neurologist
• Rehabilitation centers
• Brain injury support organizations

If you would like this information in an accessible format, please email: betterhealthchannel@dhhs.vic.gov.au